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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the value of ultrasound S-Detect in the diagnosis of breast masses.@*METHODS@#A total of 85 breast masses in 62 female patients were diagnosed by S-Detect technique and conventional ultrasound. The diagnostic efficacy of conventional ultrasound and S-Detect technique was analyzed and compared with postoperative pathological results as the gold standard.@*RESULTS@#When operated by junior physicians, the diagnostic efficacy of conventional ultrasound was significantly lower than that of S-Detect technique (P < 0.05), but this difference was not observed in moderately experienced and senior physicians (P>0.05). S-Detect technique was positively correlated with the diagnostic results of senior physicians (r=0.97). Using S-Detect technique, the diagnostic efficacy did not differ significantly between the long axis section and its vertical section (P>0.05). Routine ultrasound showed a better diagnostic efficacy than S-Detect for breast masses with a diameter below 20 mm (P < 0.05), but for larger breast masses, its diagnostic efficacy was significantly lower than that of SDetect (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#S-Detect can be used in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast masses, and its diagnostic efficiency can be comparable with that of BI-RADS classification for moderately experienced and senior physicians, but its diagnostic efficacy can be low for breast masses less than 20 mm in diameter.
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Female , Humans , Breast/diagnostic imaging , Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Diagnosis, Differential , Sensitivity and Specificity , Ultrasonics , Ultrasonography , Ultrasonography, Mammary/methodsABSTRACT
Objective:To seed for stable time window of the integrated disease-syndrome animal model based on the counterevidence from Chinese medicinal prescriptions， and to verify syndrome stability and reliability. Method:A model of depression was established by exposing rats to chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS）， followed by body weight measurement， sugar water test， behavioral test， and brain 5-hydroxytryptamine（5-HT） detection. The identification of liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome was conducted after the equivalent transformation of human clinical symptoms into macroscopic representations of rats. Based on the dynamically collected macroscopic representation scale， Xiaoyaosan was used to reversely verify the stability and reliability of the integrated disease-syndrome animal model of depression due to liver depression and spleen deficiency. Result:The sugar water consumption and the number of crossings and the total movement distance in the open field test of 16-week-old rats in the CUMS （eight weeks of CUMS） group were significantly lower than those in the normal group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. According to the immunohistochemical results， the 5-HT content in hippocampal area CA2 of rats in the CUMS group was also significantly lowered as compared with that in the normal group（<italic>P</italic><0.05），which indicated that depression was successfully modeled. The liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome was present in 14-week-old rats （six weeks after CUMS）of the CUMS group， and the number of rats experiencing the liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome reached the peak in the 16th week （eight weeks after CUMS），accounting for 70% of the total number. Thereafter， the number decreased gradually. The syndrome scores of the 14-， 16-， 18-， 20-， and 22-week-old rats in the Xiaoyaosan group were reduced by 66.6%， 70.7%， 54.8%， 50.4%， and 44.8%， which were graded as effective， marked effective， effective， effective， and effective， respectively. Conclusion:The age of 14-16 weeks（six to eight weeks after CUMS） is considered the stable and reliable time window for depression due to liver depression and spleen deficiency.
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Objective:To observe the effect of Puerariae Lobatae Radix on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats and related mechanism. Method:Ninety SD rats were divided into normal group, model group, metformin group, Puerariae Lobatae Radix high dose group, Puerariae Lobatae Radix medium dose group and Puerariae Lobatae Radix low dose group, 15 rats in each group. The rats in abnormal group were fed with high-fat and high sugar diet for 4 weeks, and then T2DM model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg·kg-1 streptozotocin (STZ). Puerariae Lobatae Radix high-dose group was intragastrically administered with 2.1 g·kg-1 of Puerariae Lobatae Radix extract powder, Puerariae Lobatae Radix medium-dose group was intragastrically administered with 1.4 g·kg-1 of Puerariae Lobatae Radix extract powder, Puerariae Lobatae Radix low-dose group was intragastrically administered with 0.7 g·kg-1 of Puerariae Lobatae Radix extract powder, 0.2 g·kg-1 of metformin hydrochloride in metformin group, distilled water once a day in normal group and model group. After 8 weeks, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated serum protein (GSP), insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC) were measured, and insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR） was calculated. The expression of tumor necrosis factor -α(TNF-α) was observed by immunohistochemistry. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of glucose regulatory protein 78 （GRP78）, activated transcription factor 6 （ATF6） in pancreatic tissue. Result:Compared with normal group, the contents of FBG, GSP, TG, TC, FINS, TNF-α in model group were significantly increased (P<0.05), the HOMA-IR was significantly increased (P<0.05), the protein expressions of GRP78 and ATF6 in pancreatic tissue were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the contents of FBG, GSP, TG, TC, FINS and TNF-α in the metformin group and Puerariae Lobatae Radix high, medium and low dose groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), HOMA-IR decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the expression of GRP78 and ATF6 protein in pancreatic tissue decreased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion:Puerariae Lobatae Radix can significantly improve insulin resistance in T2DM rats, inhibit the expression of inflammatory factor TNF-α in pancreatic tissue, reduce the protein expression of GRP78 and ATF6 in pancreatic tissue.
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Objective: To explore the effect of Tongbiantang on protein kinase A(PKA) and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signal pathway in colon tissue of slow transit constipation(STC) rats and its related mechanism. Method: Eighty SD rats were randomly divided into blank group and model group, 20 rats in blank group, 60 rats in model group, half male and half female; blank group was fed with common diet, model group was fed with compound phenylethylpiperidine, after 120 days of modeling, 10 rats in blank group and 20 rats in model group were randomly selected, and 2 rats were determined. Four-hour stool volume, water content and small intestinal charcoal powder propelling rate were observed to observe the number of stool particles retained in colon and evaluate the success of STC rat modeling. After 1 week of drug withdrawal, 40 rats in model group were randomly divided into model group(33 g·kg-1), Tongbiantang group, Tongbiantang+H89 group (PKA signaling pathway blocker,5 mg·kg-1), Tongbiantang+U0126 group (MPKA signaling pathway blocker,0.1 mg·kg-1) each. After 4 weeks of intervention with Tongbiantang, the amount of stool excretion, water content and small intestinal charcoal powder propelling rate were measured in 10 rats, and the number of stool grains in colon was observed. The protein content and mRNA expression in aquaporins 3(AQP3), AQP4, PKA and MAPKs signaling pathways in colon was determined by immunohistochemical staining (IHC), Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (Real-time PCR). Result: Compared with the blank group, the 24-hour stool volume, fecal water content, small intestinal charcoal propelling rate and the number of fecal particles in colon of rats in the model group were significantly decreased (PPPPPConclusion: Tongbiantang can inhibit the PKA and MPKA signal pathways, thus down-regulate the expression of AQP3 and AQP4, increase intestinal peristalsis and intestinal water, and effectively treat STC.
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Objective To assess the value of MRI combined with serum ferritin analysis in measurement of hepatic iron deposition among patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Methods A total of 96 patients with definitive diagnosis of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis and 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled and underwent routine 1.5T MR scanning, and all laboratory examination data were captured. The liver-to-muscle signal intensity ratio, serum ferritin level and liver functions were analyzed. Results The liver-to-muscle signal intensity ratio was (1.95 ± 0.57) in patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis and (2.22 ± 0.28) in healthy volunteers (t = 2.022, P < 0.05), and the liver-to-muscle signal intensity ratio was negatively associated the serum ferritin level in patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (rs = –0.446, P < 0.01). Conclusions Abnormal iron deposition is detected in the liver of patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, and serum ferritin level may be helpful for the identification of abnormal iron deposition in the liver of patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. The liver-to-muscle signal intensity ratio measured by MRI may be a non-invasive approached used to assess the hepatic iron deposition in patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.
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OBJECTIVE@#To study the value of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) combined with direct bilirubin (DB) in the diagnosis of biliary atresia.@*METHODS@#A total of 667 infants with cholestasis who were hospitalized and treated from July 2010 to December 2018 were enrolled as subjects. According to the results of intraoperative cholangiography and follow-up, they were divided into biliary atresia group with 234 infants and cholestasis group with 433 infants. The two groups were compared in terms of age of onset, sex, and serum levels of total bilirubin (TB), DB, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bile acid (TBA), and GGT. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for indices with statistical significance, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and the optimal cut-off value for diagnosis were calculated.@*RESULTS@#The biliary atresia group had a significantly younger age of onset than the cholestasis group (P0.05), while the biliary atresia group had significantly higher serum levels of TB, DB, TBA, and GGT than the cholestasis group (P<0.05). GGT combined with DB had the highest AUC of 0.892 (95% confidence interval: 0.868-0.916) in the diagnosis of biliary atresia. At the optimal cut-off values of 324.0 U/L for GGT and 115.1 μmmol/L for DB, GGT combined with DB had a sensitivity of 79.8% and a specificity of 83.2% in the diagnosis of biliary atresia.@*CONCLUSIONS@#GGT combined with DB has high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of biliary atresia and can be used as an effective indicator for diagnosis of biliary atresia in infants.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Alanine Transaminase , Aspartate Aminotransferases , Biliary Atresia , Diagnosis , Bilirubin , gamma-Glutamyltransferase , BloodABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the features and patterns of acupoint selection in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) by data mining technique. Methods:Relevant clinical studies published before 25 June, 2017 were searched in databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang). Results:A total of 122 papers were included, involving 69 points. It was found that the top three points on the frequency list were Zusanli (ST 36), Zhongwan (CV 12) and Weishu (BL 21). The points selected were distributed in 11 meridians, in which the Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangming, Conception Vessel, and Bladder Meridian of Foot Taiyang ranked the top and accounted for 74.0％ of the total frequency. Of the involved specific points, Five Shu-Transmitting points, crossing points and Back-Shu points ranked the top, accounting for 47.1％. The analysis of association pattern has shown that Zusanli (ST 36) and Zhongwan (CV 12) won the highest support rate in the paired groups; Zusanli (ST 36), Weishu (BL 21) and Zhongwan (CV 12) had the highest support rate among the point groups. The Five Shu-Transmitting points and the Lower He-Sea points had the highest support rate among the specific point groups. Conclusion: The data mining results of the studies on acupuncture-moxibustion for CAG are substantially in line with the acupuncture-moxibustion treatment theories in traditional Chinese medicine. The results can reflect the acupoint selection patterns in treatment of CAG and provide reference for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of CAG in clinic.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and economy of electronic gastroscope and rigid endoscope on removal of esophageal incarceration foreign bodies. Methods Data of 60 patients with incarceration esophageal foreign body who underwent endoscopic removal of foreign bodies from June 2013 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into study group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30) based on the therapy way. The study group was given electronic gastroscope, and the control group was given rigid endoscope. Anesthesia method, success rate of therapy, incidence of endoscopy complication, hospitalization time and average cost of hospitalization were recorded. Results 13patients of study group received local anaesthesia, and 17 patients received intravenous anesthesia, all patients of control group received endotracheal intubation anesthesia. Success rate of therapy between the two group showed no significant difference (96.67% vs 100.00%, P > 0.05). There was no significant difference of the incidence of endoscopy complication between the two group (0.00% vs 3.33%, P > 0.05). Hospitalization time showed no significant difference between the two group [(1.70 ± 1.39) vs (2.20 ± 1.10) d, P > 0.05]. The average cost of hospitalization in study group was (2 022.00 ± 1 787.45) Yuan RMB, which was significantly lower than that of control group (5 078.00 ± 930.57, P < 0.05). Conclusion Both the way of electronic gastroscope and rigid endoscope are safe and efficient in removal of esophageal foreign bodies, but the former has more advantages in simplicity and economical efficiency.
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Objective To investigate the phased expression of gene and protein of NogoA and its receptor (NgR) that affects axon growth of spinal cord injury (SCI), and to explore the time window effect of electroacupuncture on SCI rats. Methods A total of 144 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sham operation group (group A, n=48) and model group (n=96). In the model group, Allen's method was used to establish SCI rats model, and they were further subdivided into model control group (group B, n=48) and electroacupuncture group (group C, n=48). Group C received electroacupuncture on Dazhui (GV14), Yaoyangguan (GV3), bilateral Ciliao (BL32) and Zu-sanli (ST36) with loose-tight wave, for 20 minutes every day, one day, seven days and 14 days after modeling. The rats at every interventional therapy time were randomly subdivided into two subgroups, which accepted sev-en or 14 days of treatment. Groups A and B were killed and the injured spinal cord tissue was extracted one day, three days, seven days, 14 days and 28 days after modeling, group C at the corresponding time. The hind limb motor function was assessed with BBB score before all of rats were killed. Four samples at every time in each group were randomly selected to detect the expression of mRNA and protein of NogoA and NgR at different stage of SCI using reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. Results The BBB score began to increase 14 days after modeling, and significantly increased until 28 days after model-ing (P<0.05), compared with one day, three days and seven days after modeling in group B. The BBB score in-creased in group C than in group B at all the time points (P<0.05), except 14 days after electroacupuncture one day after modeling. The BBB score was higher as electroacupuncture intervening seven days and 14 days after modeling than that at one day after modeling in group C, and no significant difference was found between seven days and 14 days of treatment at either electroacupuncture time point (P>0.05). The expression of gene and pro-tein of NogoA and NgR in group B was in the increasing tendency after SCI, and was at the peak until 21 days af-ter modeling, and was higher in group B than in group A at each time point (P<0.01). The expression of gene and protein of NogoA decreased at all the time points in group C than in group B (P<0.05), except seven days of elec-troacupuncture intervening one day after modeling in the expression of NogoA mRNA (P>0.05). The expression of gene and protein of NogoA and NgR was lower as electroacupuncture intervening 14 days after modeling than one day after modeling in group C (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of gene and protein of NogoA and NgR between electroacupuncture intervening 14 days and seven days after modeling, and seven days and one day after modeling (P>0.05); as well as between seven days and 14 days of treatment at each time point (P>0.05). Conclusion Elerctroacupuncture could improve the hind limb motor function, which may associate with the inhibition of the expression of gene and protein of NogoA and NgR in injured spinal cord of rats after SCI. Elerctroacu-puncture is effective in the treatment of SCI at the early time, however, it is much better in the recovery stage.
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OBJECTIVE@#To study the protective effect of vitamin A on residual pancreatic β cell function in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#A total of 46 children with T1DM (with a course of disease of 0.5-1 year) were randomly divided into an intervention group and a non-intervention group (n=23 each). The children in both groups were given insulin treatment, and those in the intervention group were also given vitamin A at a daily dose of 1 500-2 000 IU. A total of 25 healthy children were enrolled as the control group. The daily dose of insulin was calculated for the children with T1DM, and the serum levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), stimulated C-peptide, vitamin A, and interleukin-17 (IL-17) were measured before intervention and 3 months after intervention.@*RESULTS@#Before vitamin A intervention, the intervention group and the non-intervention group had a significantly lower serum level of vitamin A and a significantly higher level of IL-17 than the control group (P<0.01). After 3 months of intervention, the intervention group had significantly lower serum IL-17 level and insulin dose and a significantly higher level of stimulated C-peptide than the non-intervention group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Vitamin A may protect residual pancreatic β cell function, possibly by improving the abnormal secretion of IL-17 in children with T1DM.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Blood Glucose , C-Peptide , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Glycated Hemoglobin , Insulin , Insulin-Secreting Cells , Vitamin AABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate MRP8/MRP14-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines in mouse peritoneal macrophages and explore the mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, IL-5 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) proteins in the culture supernatants of mouse peritoneal macrophages treated with recombinant MRP8/MRP14 were quantified using Luminex xMAP system. TNF-α, IP-10 and IL-6 levels were detected in the culture supernatants of the peritoneal macrophages after treatment with different domains of MRP14. Western blotting was used to detect the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK in the cells after MRP8/MRP14 treatment. The effects of p38 MAPK, JNK, ERK inhibitors, TLR4 or RAGE receptor antagonists on MRP8/MRP14-induced expressions of TNF-α, IP-10 and IL-6 were tested.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MRP8/MRP14 significantly increased TNF-α, IP-10 and IL-6 levels in mouse peritoneal macrophages by 98.2, 378.6 and 6.3 folds (P<0.01), respectively, but did not obviously affect IL-2, IL-5 and IFN-α levels. MRP14 protein and its calcium binding motifs such as EF hand-1, EF hand-2, EF hand-1+2, but not CT terminal domain, all induced TNF-α, IP-10 and IL-6 expressions (P<0.01). Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK were detected by Western blotting in the cells at 1 h after MRP8/MRP14 stimulation and sustained to 2 h. Compared with MRP8/MRP14, SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) significantly inhibited TNF-α, IP-10 and IL-6 expression (P<0.05), and SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) inhibited the expression of TNF-α and IP-10 (P<0.05) but not IL-6, PD98059 and U0126 (ERK and MEK1/2 inhibitor) reduced IL-6 expression (P<0.05). TNF-α, IP-10 and IL-6 levels were inhibited by TAK242 (P<0.05); IL-6 level in the cells was also partially inhibited by RAGE neutralizing antibody (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MRP8/MRP14 can induce the expression of TNF-α, IP-10 and IL-6 in mouse peritoneal macrophages. MRP14 protein, which contain calcium binding motifs, has the biological activity of inducing cytokine expression. TNF-α and IP-10 expressions are related with TLR4 and its downstream p38 MAPKs and JNK; IL-6 is regulated by both TLR4 and RAGE and their downstream p38 MAPKs and ERK.</p>
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore molecular and genetic mechanism of 3 cases of para-Bombay blood group.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The bood samples of proband and family members were selected to identify their blood groups with conventional serologic methods, and salivary components carrying the ABH antigens were detected. The coding regions of FUT1 as well as exon 6 and 7 of the ABO gene were amplified using polymerase chain reaction(PCR), and the FUT1 gene was directly sequenced.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 3 cases of proband were confirmed as para-Bombay blood group. Direct sequencing revealed h new2 (nt328G→A) and h1(nt 547 ΔAG) in FUT1 gene of the proband 1, and FUT1 genotype was h1/h new2. However, the genotypes of his parents were H/h1 and H/h new2, which were non-Bombay individuals. The FUT1 genotypes of proband 2 and 3 were h1h2 (nt 547 ΔAG) and h1h2 (nt 880 ΔTT), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The technology of molecular biology can be used to detect the base deletion mutations in FUT1 gene, which contributes to the analysis of molecular and genetic mechanism of para-Bombay blood group.</p>
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate and compare the reports' qualities of acupuncture randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in China before and after the implementation of two guidelines, i.e., the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement and the Standards for Reporting Interventions in Controlled Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Proportions of studies that reported CONSORT and STRICTA items were compared for the years before and after implementation of these two guidelines. In addition, the total score of each item's reporting were calculated and reported differences during different date ranges were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For CONSORT items (maximum score 8), there was evidence of a slight improvement in reporting between 1994-1995 and 1999-2000 combined (2.5±0.6) and 2004-2005 and 2009-2010 combined (3.0±0.9; difference 0.4, 95% confidence interval, 0.3 to 0.6, P<0.01). For STRICTA items (maximum score 17), there was evidence that a slight improvement in reporting between 1994-1995 and 1999-2000 combined (8.6±2.1) and 2004-2005 and 2009-2010 combined (10.1±1.8; difference 1.5, 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 1.9, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Quality of reporting for RCTs of acupuncture treatment conducted in China have generally improved since the introduction of the STRICTA and CONSORT guidelines.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Guidelines as Topic , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Reference Standards , Research Report , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To explore the facial bones' racial character between Chinese and European Caucasian. Methods 150 adult cases Chinese adult yellow race and European Caucasian(Either is 75 cases) were collected, and 51 measurements were selected. These measurements which have steady data and distinct racial different were used to found the racial discriminant by SPSS16.0 statistical software. To estimate the reliability of the racial discriminant, 20 samples(either race has 10 samples) were taken out randomly out of the research samples for blind test. Results 7 measurements were screen out, and found 5 pairs of racial discriminant, comprising of the whole variables' discriminant, the stepwise discriminant and muti-variabes' discriminant. The accuracy rate between 73.2% and 89.8%. The results of blind test have 75% to 95% accuracy. Conclusion The racial discriminant funded throgh this suty are useful to the identify of Chinese and European Caucasian on forensic science.
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Objective To study the expression profiles of circulating microRNAs(miRNAs)in newly-developed advanced schistosomiasis patients. Methods Ten healthy controls(Group 1),ten patients with schistosomiasis history(without advanced schistosomiasis,Group 2)and ten patients with newly-developed advanced schistosomiasis(Group 3)were randomly selected from Jiangsu Province. The expression profiles of 570 human related circulatingmiRNAs were measured and analyzed with the Agilent Human microRNAs microarray Rel 12.0. Results Compared to the healthy controls,four miRNAs were up-regulated, while 16 miRNAs were down-regulated in the patients with newly-developed advanced schistosomiasis. Moreover ,six miRNAs were up-regulated,while 21 miRNAs were down-regulated in the patients in Group 2. Among of them,the expression level of miR-383 was significantly decreased by 4.23 and 11.82 folds in Group 2 and Group 3,respectively. Conclusions There are significant differences among the healthy controls,patients with schistosomiasis history(without advanced schistosomiasis)and the patients with newly-developed advanced schistosomiasisin the expression profiles of circulatingmiRNAs. Moreover ,circulat-ing miR-383 might be involved in the development of newly-developed advanced schistosomiasis.
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To study the effects of different variable temperature drying modes on active components of roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza f. alba, and provide basis for its industrialized drying process. In order to ensure the content of active components, variable temperature drying modes were designed: low temperature at 30 ℃ and high temperature at 60 ℃, low temperature at 30 ℃ and high temperature at 70 ℃, low temperature at 30 ℃ and high temperature at 80 ℃, low temperature at 40 ℃ and high temperature at 60 ℃, low temperature at 40 ℃ and high temperature at 70 ℃, low temperature at 40 ℃ and high temperature at 80 ℃ and air dry oven was used for variable temperature drying process. Then HPLC method was used to determine the changes of active components in roots of S. miltiorrhiza f. alba under different temperature modes; and SPSS 17.0 was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the samples, which were first dried at 40 ℃ for six hours and then dried at 80 ℃ for three hours, had the highest contents in dihydrotanshinone, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone Ⅰ and tanshinone ⅡA as compared with other kinds of drying methods, and the contents were 0.35, 2.76, 0.78, 4.47 mg•g⁻¹, respectively. Additionally, as compared with samples dried in the shade, the contents of dihydrotanshinone, cryptotanshinone and tanshinone Ⅰ were increased 2.9% (P>0.05), 45.3% (P<0.05) and 34.5% (P<0.05), respectively; however, the content of tanshinone ⅡA was decreased by 44.1% (P<0.05). The water-soluble active components (rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B) of roots of S. miltiorrhiza f. alba, had the highest contents when the samples were first dried at 30 ℃ for six hours and then 70 ℃ for three hours, and the contents were 3.83,55.44 mg•g⁻¹, increased by 62.3% (P<0.05) and 109.1% (P<0.05) respectively as compared with the samples dried in the shade. Variable temperature drying can significantly affect the contents of active components in roots of S. miltiorrhiza f. alba. As compared with the traditional process of shade-drying process, low temperature drying can significantly increase the content of water-soluble active components and also with significant promotion effect on the liposoluble components such as tanshinone ⅡA, cryptotanshinone and tanshinone Ⅰ. The variable temperature drying mode, can effectively shorten the process of drying and provide theoretical basis for industrial processing of roots of S. miltiorrhiza f. alba.
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This paper is aimed to study plant biomass and active compounds of Scutellaria baicalensis germchit in different five stages (from germination to transplant). The length of shoot and root, the diameter and the weight of root were determined. HPLC method was used to determine the content of active compounds (baicalin, scutellarin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin). According to the results, various biological indicators increased with the germination of seedling. However, the drying rate of the root declined to 27.96% from 32.90%. The contents of scutellarin and baicalein increased firstly, and then decreased. The maximums of them were 3.22,3.89 mg•g⁻¹ while the data of shoot/root was 0.35. The maximums of the contents of baicalin and wogonoside were 107.39,16.11 mg•g⁻¹ while the data of shoot/root was 0.23 and 0.06. The contents of wogonin gradually increased to the maximum of 0.88 mg•g⁻¹ while the data of shoot/root was 0.50. In conclusion, the contents of baicalin, scutellarin, wogonoside, baicalein and wogonin reached or approached the maximum at germination stage while the data of shoot/root was 0.35. The rate of shoot and root can be used as a judging index of active compounds for S. baicalensis germchit.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of total flavonoids of propolis (TFP) on apoptosis of myocardial cells of chronic heart failure and its possible mechanism in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six male SD rats were randomly selected as normal control group, the remaining rats were made as chronic heart failure (CHF) model by intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin. The rats in the successful model were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6): CHF group, total flavonoids of propolis low dose group (LD group), total flavonoids of propolis middle dose group (MD group), total flavonoids of propolis high dose group (HD group), digoxin group (DIG group). After six week treatment, cardiac function indexes of rats were recorded by signal acquisition system; brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) content in plasma were detected; Myocardial morphological changes and collagen fiber hyperplasia by HE and Masson staining were observed; Myocardial apoptosis was detected with TUNEL method and protein connexin 43(P-Cx43) expression was detected by Western blot method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with NC group, left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP) and maximal rise/fall velocity of left ventriculad pressure (± dP/dt(max)) absolute value in CHF group were significantly lowered (P < 0.01) while left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was increased significantly (P < 0.01); Contents of plasma BNP, cTnI, TNF-α and IL-6 in the CHF group were significantly improved (P < 0.01). Compared with CHF group, LVSP, ± dP/dt(max) absolute value in MD and HD groups were increased (P < 0.05), and LVEDP was significantly lowered (P < 0.01); LVEDP in LD group was significantly lowered (P < 0.01), changes in LVSP and ± dp/dt(max) absolue value were not obvious (P > 0.05). BNP, cTnI, TNF-α and IL-6 contents in MD and HD groups were significantly reduced (P < 0.01), but those plasma indicator changes were not obvious in LD group (P > 0.05). Western blot showed that P-Cx43 expression in CHF group was significantly higher than that in NC group (P < 0.01) and that in all TFP treatment groups it was decreased compared with CHF group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), among which pairwise comparisons also showed differences (P < 0.05), myocardial apoptosis index (%)(22.62 ± 3.39) in CHF group was higher than that in NC group( 1.12 ± 0.24) (P < 0.01); compared with CHF group, the apoptosis index of myocardial cells (%) in LD,MD and HD groups, (15.79 + 2.8), (9.28 + 2.1) and (4.73 + 1.14) respectively, were significantly lower than those in the CHF group( P < 0.01). The expression level of P-Cx43 positively correlated with the apoptotic index (r = 0. 861, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Total flavonaids of propolis have inhibitory effect on apoptosis of myocardial cells of chronic heart failure induced by adriamycin in rats, and the mechanism may be closely related to the regulation of Cx43 expression, especially the regulatory phosphorylation status.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Apoptosis , Chronic Disease , Connexin 43 , Metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Doxorubicin , Flavonoids , Pharmacology , Heart Failure , Drug Therapy , Interleukin-6 , Blood , Myocardium , Pathology , Myocytes, Cardiac , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain , Blood , Phosphorylation , Propolis , Chemistry , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Troponin I , Blood , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , BloodABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide a theoretical basis for the further development of new drugs, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and the liver function in mice of anthocyanin from Ligustrum vicaryi were investigated.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 240 experimental mice were splitted equally for 6 kinds of experiments and 40 rats in each kind of experiment were divided into 5 groups (n = 8): normal saline control group (NS); aspirin control group (Asp); high-concentration anthocyanin group (HA); medium-concentration anthocyanin group (MA); low-concentratior anthocyanin group (LA). The analgesia effect of anthocyanin at different concentration was detenmined by hot-plate test and acetic acid writhin test, and the anti-inflammatory effect of anthocyanin was performed by ear edema, ahdomen capillary permeability and cotton granuloma. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the contents of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in blood serum were determined, and the activities of SOD, T-AOC and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in liver were measured, while the histological changes of liver tissue were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The pain threshold of mice was enhanced and the times of twist body wa decreased by medium-concentration and high-concentration anthocyanin. The activity of SOD was increased and the conentrs of NO and PGE were reduced in blood serum. High-concentration anthocyanin inhibited the ear swelling , the increase of celiac capillary permeability and th granuloma hyperplasia, and increased the activities of SOD and T-AOC while decreased the content of PGE2. The activities of SOD, T-AOC. GSH-PX were increased in liver, but the morphology of liver tissues in each group had no significant changes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Anthocyanin Ligustrum vicaryi has definite anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, which is related to increasing the antioxidant capacity and decreasing th contents of NO and PGE2, and has not obvious damage to liver in the range of experimental concentration.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Analgesics , Chemistry , Anthocyanins , Pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Chemistry , Antioxidants , Metabolism , Aspirin , Pharmacology , Dinoprostone , Metabolism , Edema , Fruit , Chemistry , Glutathione Peroxidase , Metabolism , Ligustrum , Chemistry , Liver , Nitric Oxide , Superoxide Dismutase , MetabolismABSTRACT
This study was purposed to investigate the feasibility of high resolution melting (HRM) in the detection of JAK2V617F mutation in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). The 29 marrow samples randomly selected from patients with clinically diagnosed MPN from January 2008 to January 2011 were detected by HRM method. The results of HRM analysis were compared with that detected by allele specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) and DNA direct sequencing. The results showed that the JAK2V617F mutations were detected in 11 (37.9%, 11/29) cases by HRM, and its comparability with the direct sequencing result was 100%. While the consistency of AS-PCR with the direct sequencing was moderate (Kappa = 0.179, P = 0.316). It is concluded that the HRM analysis may be an optimal method for clinical screening of JAK2V617F mutation due to its simplicity and promptness with a high specificity.